Alpha-Synuclein

1. What is Alpha-Synuclein?

Alpha-Synuclein is a 14-19 kDa phosphoprotein primarily localized in the presynaptic terminals of mature neurons, where it is involved in synaptic function and plasticity.

2. Why is Alpha-Synuclein important?

• Alpha-Synuclein was the first missense mutation identified as a cause of familial Parkinson’s disease.

• Aggregated and hyper-phosphorylated forms of Alpha-Synuclein are the major components of Lewy bodies.

• Alpha-Synuclein is involved in regulation of the dopaminergic pathway.

• Alpha-Synuclein reduces neuronal responsiveness to various apoptotic stimuli, leading to decreased caspase-3 activation.

• Alpha-Synuclein intermediate oligomers/protofibrils are thought to be the major neurotoxic species.

• Alpha-Synuclein is a target for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease; a humanized monoclonal anti-Alpha-Synuclein (PRX002) is currently under Phase 1 trails.

3. Disease spectrum and Alpha-Synuclein:

• Alpha-Synucleinopathies (protein aggregates in neurons, nerve fibers, and glial cells)

• Alzheimer’s disease (amyloid plaques)

• Dementia (Lewy body)

• Multiple system atrophy (Alpha-Synuclein protein prions)

• Parkinson’s disease (Lewy body)

Immunofluorescence analysis of SH-SY5Y cells (human neuroblastoma) labeling Alpha-Synuclein with 10842-1-AP Proteintech antibody at a dilution of 1:25. Alexa Fluor 488-congugated AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) was used as the secondary antibody and DAPI was used as the nuclear counterstain.

Catalog number	Type	Applications
66412-1-Ig	Mouse Monoclonal	WB, IHC, ELISA
IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse cerebellum tissue using 66412-1-Ig at a dilution of 1:1000 under 40x lens.4. Latest Scientific Facts about Alpha-Synuclein.

5. Latest Scientific Facts about Alpha-Synuclein 

• Exploiting the aggregation properties of Alpha-Synuclein for diagnostic purposes.

• Pathological α-synuclein exacerbates the progression of Parkinson’s disease through microglial activation. 

• Alpha-synuclein contributes to malignant progression of human meningioma via the Akt/mTOR pathway.

6. PubMed record and Proteintech Alpha-Synuclein Antibody

• Alpha-Synuclein increases U251 cells vulnerability to hydrogen peroxide by disrupting calcium homeostasis.

• Posttranslational modification and mutation of histidine 50 trigger Alpha-Synuclein aggregation and toxicity.

• Alpha-Synuclein overexpression-induced mitochondrial damage by the generation of endogenous neurotoxins in PC12 cells.

• Mutant Alpha-Synuclein causes age-dependent neuropathology in monkey brain.

• Fenpropathrin, a Widely Used Pesticide, Causes Dopaminergic Degeneration.

• Altered mRNA Splicing, Chondrocyte Gene Expression and Abnormal Skeletal Development due to SF3B4 Mutations in Rodriguez Acrofacial Dysostosis.

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