信号转导
信号转导是将细胞表面事件和与细胞外环境的相互作用转化为细胞核内基因表达变化的基本细胞过程。信号转导领域极为活跃，涉及蛋白质、微分子、大分子和 DNA 之间的相互作用。了解有关信号转导的更多信息及Proteintech磷酸化抗体（针对 140 多种常见PTMs），帮助您更好地理解信号转导过程中关键的磷酸化事件。
验证数据
为了验证抗体的特异性，Proteintech 的磷酸化抗体都经过细胞处理实验验证。该处理利用相关信号通路的激动剂和抑制剂来刺激或阻断相关磷酸化信号的表达，再与总蛋白对照抗体一起进行下游 WB分析，以确保这些产品仅对其靶标的磷酸化形式具有特异性。
Image description: WB analysis of phospho MTOR signal following treatment with either pathway agonist (EGF) or MTOR-inhibitor (rapamycin). On the left side, NIH3T3 cells were not-treated or treated with 100 ng/mL EGF for 10 min followed lysis and downstream western analysis with phospho-MTOR antibody (67778-1-Ig).
On the right side, HEK293 cells were non-treated or treated with 200 ng/mL Rapamycin for 24 hours followed by lysis and downstream western analysis with phospho-MTOR antibody (67778-1-Ig).
除了 WB，许多磷酸化抗体还经过IHC、IF 和 FC实验的验证，同时也经过细胞处理实验验证特异性。
Binary Signal
IHC analysis of paraffin-embedded untreated (left) or calyculin A treated (right) Jurkat cells slide using Phospho-AKT (Ser473) antibody (66444-1-Ig) at a dilution of 1:8000 (under 40x lens)
Dynamic Signal
Immunofluorescent analysis of (4% PFA) fixed etoposide treated HT-29 cells using CoraLite Plus 488 Phospho-P53 (Ser15) Recombinant Antibody (CL488-80195, clone: 2J21) at dilution of 1:200.
Top Cited Products
Phospho-AKT (Ser473) Monoclonal Antibody
| Reactivity: | Human, Mouse, Rat |
| Applications: | WB, IHC, FC |
Phospho-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) Polyclonal Antibody
| Reactivity: | Human, Mouse, Rat |
| Applications: | WB, IP |
Phospho-mTOR (Ser2448) Monoclonal Antibody
| Reactivity: | Human, Mouse, Rat |
| Applications: | WB, IHC, IF, FC |
Phospho-JNK (Tyr185) Recombinant Antibody
| Reactivity: | Human, Mouse |
| Applications: | WB |
Interactive Signaling Posters
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The p38 MAPK signaling pathway is a multi-tiered cascade characterized by sequential protein phosphorylation events. It is anchored by p38 MAPK protein, which plays a major role in regulating inflammation, cell differentiation, cell cycle progression, and nuclear fragmentation during apoptosis. |
PI3K is a lipid kinase that activates downstream intracellular signaling pathways anchored by AKT. These pathways regulate several important processes including growth, proliferation, metabolism, motility, and apoptosis. They can also trigger strong, pro-survival responses within tumor cells due to abnormal rates of activation |
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) forms a center of a signaling pathway that plays a critical role in regulating cell metabolism, proliferation, and survival. mTOR signaling is often involved in regulating tumor metabolism in cancer and disease pathology in Alzheimer’s. |
The p53 signaling pathway controls progression through the cell cycle. The p53 protein can arrest the cycle before DNA replication and before cell division in response to various stress signals. As such this pathway can function to halt tumor progression and initiate apoptosis in tumor cells where DNA has been damaged beyond repair. |
Ras proteins require binding with GTP to become active. Upon activation, the Ras signaling pathway can regulate several processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, cytoskeletal remodeling, and protein secretion. Mutations within tumors cause many Ras pathways to become constitutively active, resulting in uncontrolled growth. |
